Understanding the Differences and Similarities Between Migrant School Children and Polish Students

Migrant and Polish children collaborating in a classroom

The question that we are asked whenever we present findings from this research project is: How different are migrant children from Polish children? Many of our Polish interlocutors, especially those with school age children, say their sons and daughters experience many challenges in school as well....

Education plays a crucial role in shaping the future of children, yet the experiences of migrant school children and Polish students often differ in significant ways. At the same time, they share many commonalities that can help bridge cultural and social gaps. Exploring these differences and similarities offers valuable insights for educators, parents, and policymakers aiming to create inclusive and supportive learning environments.

Language and Communication

The obvious difference is of course language proficiency. Migrant children often arrive with limited or no knowledge of Polish, which can create barriers to learning and social integration. Polish students, on the other hand, have native command of the language, giving them an advantage in understanding lessons and participating in class discussions.

Despite this challenge, many migrant children quickly acquire Polish through immersion and targeted language support programs. Schools that offer additional language classes, translanguaging or bilingual programing help migrant students catch up and communicate effectively. Both groups benefit from clear communication strategies, such as visual aids, simplified instructions, and peer support.

Cultural Background and Identity

In Poland, much attention has been paid to newly arrived school children from Ukrainie, but there are children from other countries attending Polish schools, including Polish citizen children who were born abroad and went to school in a different educational systems.

Migrant children come from diverse cultural backgrounds, which influence their values, traditions, and behaviors. This diversity enriches the classroom environment but can also lead to misunderstandings or feelings of exclusion if not properly addressed. Polish students share a more homogeneous cultural background, which aligns with the national curriculum and social norms.

However, both migrant and Polish children experience the process of forming their identities during school years. They navigate friendships, social expectations, and personal interests. Schools that celebrate cultural diversity and encourage intercultural dialogue help all students develop respect and appreciation for different backgrounds.

Educational Challenges and Opportunities

Migrant children may face unique educational challenges such as interrupted schooling, trauma from migration experiences, or lack of familiarity with the Polish education system. These factors can affect their academic performance and motivation. Polish students generally have more stable educational histories and access to resources.

At the same time, migrant children often bring resilience, multilingual skills, and diverse perspectives that enrich learning for everyone. Polish students can benefit from exposure to different worldviews and problem-solving approaches. Schools that provide tailored support, such as tutoring, counseling, and inclusive teaching methods, create opportunities for all students to succeed.

Social Integration and Peer Relationships

Building friendships and social networks is essential for children's well-being and academic success. Migrant children may initially struggle with social integration due to language barriers or cultural differences. Polish students are more familiar with local customs and social cues, making it easier to form connections.

Nevertheless, activities such as group projects, sports, and cultural events foster interaction and mutual understanding. Relegating migrant students to separate preparatory classes does not provide the same opportunities and create "them and us" enclaves.

Teachers and school staff play a key role in promoting inclusive social environments where every child feels valued and were there are plenty of opportunities for integration of all children, even those that spend a lot of time in separate classrooms.

Family Involvement and Support

Family engagement in education varies between migrant and Polish families. Migrant parents often face challenges such as limited knowledge of the school system, language difficulties, or demanding work schedules. Polish parents often have more experience navigating local educational expectations.

Schools that actively involve families through translated materials, interpreters, and flexible meeting times improve communication and support for migrant children. Both migrant and Polish families share the goal of their children's success and benefit from partnerships with educators.

Similarities in Aspirations and Potential

Despite differences, migrant and Polish children share many aspirations. They want to learn, make friends, and build a bright future. Both groups respond well to encouragement, clear expectations, and opportunities to explore their talents. Recognizing these shared goals helps educators focus on strengths rather than limitations.

Practical Steps for Schools and Educators

• Provide language support tailored to migrant children's needs without isolating them from peers.

• Incorporate multicultural content in lessons to reflect diverse student backgrounds.

• Encourage peer mentoring programs that pair migrant and Polish students.

• Offer training for teachers on cultural sensitivity and inclusive teaching strategies.

• Engage families through accessible communication and community events.

• Monitor academic progress closely and intervene early when challenges arise.

  
  

These actions create a welcoming environment where all children can thrive academically and socially.